Endocrinology & Diabetes

The three main types of diabetes – type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes (during pregnancy) – affect how your body turns food into energy and occur when blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high. Most types are lifelong, but all can be effectively managed with medications and lifestyle habits such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating well and staying active. Our endocrinologists partner with you to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy use, body temperature and heart rate. Thyroid disease can include hypothyroidism (underactive function) or hyperthyroidism (overactive function). Thyroid nodules (lumps in the gland) are often benign but can sometimes be cancerous or cause excess hormone production. Treatment – including medication, surgery and/or ongoing monitoring – depends on the underlying cause and symptoms.

Calcium is essential for bone health, but imbalances can lead to hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) and osteoporosis (weakened bones). Hypercalcemia, often linked to an overactive parathyroid gland, can result in bone loss and kidney stones. Osteoporosis develops when bone breakdown outpaces bone formation, often due to aging, poor nutrition or inactivity. Treatment targets the underlying cause with medication, and surgery may be recommended for an overactive parathyroid gland.

Disorders of the pancreas, pituitary and adrenal glands can disrupt hormone production, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight changes and fluctuations in blood pressure or blood sugar. These disorders include conditions like diabetes, pancreatitis, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease and pituitary tumors affecting growth and metabolism. Treatment varies by condition and may involve medication, surgery or radiation therapy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age, often causing irregular periods, elevated androgen levels and small ovarian cysts. It can lead to issues such as infertility, acne and excess hair growth. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with lifestyle changes, medication and fertility support when needed.

Aging and menopause cause hormonal changes in women, including lower estrogen and progesterone that can lead to irregular periods, infertility and symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings and vaginal dryness. Other hormones – such as testosterone and those regulating metabolism, bone health and sleep – also decline with age. Treatment is personalized and may include hormone therapy, non-hormonal medications and lifestyle changes like exercise, healthy eating, stress management and quitting smoking.